Review of Data Collection Methods in Academic Research
Keywords:
Primary and Secondary Data Collection, Quantitative Methods, Qualitative Methods, Mixed-Methods, Online SurveysAbstract
This review analyses the data collection techniques in scholarly research, and it is quite significant in assuring the validity, reliability, and credibility of the research findings. It talks about the data collection classification in the primary and secondary methods and also looks at quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods of data collection applied in various fields. Conventional methods like surveys, interviews, observations, and experiments are considered and modern digital methods are analyzed like online surveys, big data analytics, social media data and sensor-based systems. Informed consent, confidentiality, data security, and responsible use of AI are also highlighted as ethical considerations in the review, which also highlights that the collection of data by the methodologically sound and ethically sound data collection methods is needed.
References
[1] K. M. Mwita, “Factors to consider when choosing data collection methods,” Int. J. Res. Bus. Soc. Sci., vol. 11, no. 5, 2022.
[2] Syeda Ayeman Mazhar, R. Anjum, A. I. Anwar, and A. A. Khan, “Methods of Data Collection: A Fundamental Tool of Research,” J. Integr. Community Heal., vol. 10, no. 01, 2021, doi: 10.24321/2319.9113.202101.
[3] Beeranna and N. G. Basappa, “The Role of Education In Shaping Awareness and Attitudes Towards Politics In Special Reference To Yadagiri District , Karnataka,” Int. J. Innov. Sci. Eng. Manag., vol. 3, no. 4, 2024, doi: 10.69968//ijisem.2024v3i455-62.
[4] J. Ohme et al., “Digital Trace Data Collection for Social Media Effects Research: APIs, Data Donation, and (Screen) Tracking,” Commun. Methods Meas., vol. 18, no. 2, 2024, doi: 10.1080/19312458.2023.2181319.
[5] Y. Sharma, “Data Collection In Research: Concept, Process And Methods,” Int. J. Creat. Res. Thoughts, vol. 11, no. 10, 2023.
[6] E. Paradis, B. O’Brien, L. Nimmon, G. Bandiera, and M. A. T. Martimianakis, “Design: Selection of Data Collection Methods,” J. Grad. Med. Educ., 2016, doi: 10.4300/JGME-D-16-00098.1.
[7] G. Kotronoulas et al., “An Overview of the Fundamentals of Data Management, Analysis, and Interpretation in Quantitative Research,” Semin. Oncol. Nurs., vol. 39, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.soncn.2023.151398.
[8] A. AMAYA, F. LECLERE, K. CARRIS, and Y. LIAO, “AN EVALUATION OF PRIMARY DATA-COLLECTION MODES IN AN ADDRESS-BASED SAMPLING DESIGN,” Public Opin Q, vol. 79, no. 2, 2015.
[9] D. F. A. R. Serra, Fellipe Silva Martins, and J. A. C. da Cunha, “SECONDARY DATA IN RESEARCH – USES AND OPPORTUNITIES INTRODUCTION,” 2018, doi: 10.5585/ijsm.v17i4.2723.
[10] A. Ghanad, “An Overview of Quantitative Research Methods,” Int. J. Multidiscip. Res. Anal., vol. 06, no. 08, 2023, doi: 10.47191/ijmra/v6-i8-52.
[11] M. Sapkota, “Implications and Critiques of Quantitative Research: A Systematic Review,” J. Learn. Theory Methodol., 2024, doi: 10.17309/jltm.2024.5.3.09.
[12] S. P. Chand, “Methods of Data Collection in Qualitative Research: Interviews, Focus Groups, Observations, and Document Analysis,” Adv. Educ. Res. Eval., vol. 6, no. 1, 2025, doi: 10.25082/AERE.2025.01.001.
[13] A. Lau and M. Bratby, “Collecting qualitative data via video statements in the digital era,” LABOUR Ind. A J. Soc. Econ. RELATIONS Work, vol. 34, no. 2, 2024, doi: 10.1080/10301763.2023.2209923.
[14] S. R. Shrivastava and P. S. Shrivastava, “Data Collection Process in Qualitative Research: Challenges and Potential Solutions Saurabh,” Med. J. Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, vol. 16, 2023, doi: 10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu.
[15] A. Moser and I. Korstjens, “Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 3: Sampling, data collection and analysis,” Eur. J. Gen. Pract., vol. 24, no. 1, 2018, doi: 10.1080/13814788.2017.1375091.
[16] J. Costa, “Mixed Methods in Educational Large-Scale Studies: Integrating Qualitative Perspectives into Secondary Data Analysis,” Educ. Sci., vol. 14, 2024.
[17] L. R. Sharma, S. Bidari, D. Bidari, S. Neupane, and R. Sapkota, “Exploring the Mixed Methods Research Design: Types, Purposes, Strengths, Challenges, and Criticisms,” Glob. Acad. J. Linguist. Lit., vol. 5, no. 1, 2023, doi: 10.36348/gajll.2023.v05i01.002.
[18] C. A. Maida et al., “Quantitative data collection approaches in subject-reported oral health research: a scoping review,” BMC Oral Health, vol. 22, 2022, doi: 10.1186/s12903-022-02399-5.
[19] M. Arrthi, “TOOLS & TECHNIQUES OF DATA COLLECTION IN RESEARCH METHODOLOGY,” J. Leg. Res. Juridical Sci., vol. 3, no. 4, 2024.
[20] P. Radanliev and D. De Roure, “New and emerging forms of data and technologies: literature and bibliometric review,” Multimed. Tools Appl., vol. 82, 2023.
[21] H. Taherdoost, “Data Collection Methods and Tools for Research; A Step-by-Step Guide to Choose Data Collection Technique for Academic and Business Research Projects,” Int. J. Acad. Res. Manag., vol. 10, no. 1, 2021.
[22] H. Cheong, A. Lyons, R. Houghton, and A. Majumdar, “Secondary Qualitative Research Methodology Using Online Data within the Context of Social Sciences,” Int. J. Qual. Methods, vol. 22, 2023, doi: 10.1177/16094069231180160.
[23] D. Rubeena and M. Maseeh, “INNOVATIVE DATA COLLECTION METHODS FOR RESEARCH IN THE DIGITAL ERA,” Vidya A J. Gujarat Univ., vol. 2, no. 2, 2023.
[24] S. O. OLABODE, O. O. Ibrahim, and B. A. Abayomi, “AN ASSESSMENT OF THE RELIABILITY OF SECONDARY DATA IN MANAGEMENT SCIENCE RESEARCH,” Int. J. Bus. Manag. Rev., vol. 7, no. 3, 2019.
[25] V. Sadan, “Data Collection Methods in Quantitative Research,” Indian J. Contin. Nurs. Educ., vol. 18, no. 2, 2017.
[26] G. Fitzgerald and M. Fitzgibbon, “A Comparative Analysis of Traditional and Digital Data Collection Methods in Social Research in LDCs - Case Studies Exploring Implications for Participation, Empowerment, and (mis)Understandings,” in Preprints of the 19th World Congress The International Federation of Automatic Control, 2014.
