Induced breeding of Clarias batrachus using “gonopro-fh” in a mini portable hatchery and study on embryonic developmental stages
Keywords:
Induced breeding, Clarias batrachus, Gonopro-FHAbstract
In this study the breeding of Clarias batrachus was carried out from July to September 2023 at Barkatullah University, Bhopal, using Gonopro-FH in a portable mini hatchery setup. Mature brooders (male: 409–545 g, female: 550–605 g) were injected intramuscularly at a 1:1 sex ratio, with carefully measured hormone doses. Fertilized eggs exhibited clear morphological features, and embryonic development was monitored from cleavage to hatching. Key developmental milestones such as the morula, blastula, gastrula, somite formation, heartbeat, and eventual hatching at 22 hours post-fertilization (25.1°C) were recorded in detail. Larval behavior, pigmentation, and organ development were also observed in post-hatching. This study concludes that hormone-induced breeding using Gonopro-FH significantly enhances spawning efficiency, fertilization rate, and seed quality. These findings support the use of synthetic hormones in this fish to achieve predictable breeding cycles, improved seed production, and sustainable aquaculture practices.
References
[1] Newaz Sharif, B.M & Abu Zafar, Md (2016). Technology of artificial breeding of catfish species in the hatcheries in Jessore region, Bangladesh. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic studies. v4(1): pp180-188.
[2] Roy S. & Pal B.C. (1986). Induced breeding of Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) was studied in laboratory aquaria. Journal of Fish Biology. 28(3): pp 247-254.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1986.tb05162.x
[3] Mani, C.V. & Pandey, A.K. (2007). Effect of HCG and WOVA-FH administration on ovarian maturation and spawning of Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Journal of Experimental Zoology, India. 10(2): pp317-319.
[4] Chaturvedi, C.S. & Pandey, A.K (2013). Induced breeding and hatching of freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis in indoor hatchery of Lucknow, India. Journal of Experimental Zoology, India. 16(1): pp 173-177.
[5] Mollah M.F.A & Amin M.R. (2008). Induced breeding of the riverine catfish Rita rita using Carp pituitary gland (PG) extract. Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University. 6(2): pp 361-366.
https://doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v6i2.4835
[6] Yadav A.K. & Mishra R.K.(2011). Induced spawning of Asian catfish, Clarias batrachus, with different Doses of sGnRH-Based Drugs. Journal of Expiremental Zoology, India. 14: pp 199-202.
[7] Sudhir Raizada & Pandey A.K. (2012). Breeding of Clarias batrachus in Low- Saline water under controlled condition in Rohtak (Haryana). Journal of Expiremental Zoology, India. 15: pp 379-382.
[8] Elsadig Arbab Hagar Talib & Zuheir Nour EI Dayem Mahmud (2017). Breeding practices and rearing response of Clarias batrachus under hatchery condition. Journal of Agriculture and Enviromental Management. 6(5): pp 089-094.
[9] Goswami P.K. & Devaraj M. (1992). Breeding age and growth of the freshwater shark Wallago attu from the dhir beel of the Brahmaputra basin, Assam, India. Journal of the Indian Fisheries Association. 22: pp 13-20.
[10] SK. Mustafizur Rahman & Md. Ahasan Habib (2011). Embryonic development of Clarias batrachus under the influence of aeration and water flow. Ecoprint an International Journal of Ecology. 18: pp 25-31.https://doi.org/10.3126/eco.v18i0.9395
[11] Sarkar U.K. & Prashant D.K (2005). Captive breeding of climbing perch Anabas testudineus (Bloch,1792) with WOVA-FH conservation and aquaculture. Aquaculture Research. 36: pp 941-945.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2005.01281.x
[12] Singh M.K & Sonowal S. (2022). Captive breeding of the stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794) found in Brahmaputra river, Assam, India using inducing agent ovasis and its early embryogenesis. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries. 26(5): pp 161-173.https://doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2022.258922
[13] Giri A. & Saxena S. (2023). Guideline for breeding of an excellent medicinal fish Clarias batrachus (Magur) using synthetic hormone. International journal of creative research thought.11(7): pp 2320-2882.
[14] Sharma K. & Yadava N.K. (2010). Effect of different doses of ovatide on the breeding performance of Clarias batrachus.Livestock Research for Rural Development.22(4).
[15] Siddiqui M.N. & Habib M.A. (2011).Embryonic development of Clarias batrachus under the influence of aeration and water flow. Ecoprint,18: pp 25-31.https://doi.org/10.3126/eco.v18i0.9395
[16] Olumuji O.K. & Mustapha MK. (2012).Induced breeding of African mud catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822), using different doses of normal saline diluted ovaprim. Journal Aquaculture Research Development,3:4.
[17] Panday A.K. & Chaturvedi C.S. (2012).Successful induced breeding of Clarias batrachus by ovaprim administration under agro- climatic conditions of Lucknow.National Journal of Life Science.9(2): pp 163-167.
[18] Kiran B.R. & Murthy K.S. (2013). Review on induced breeding of catfishes, murrels and climbing perches in India. Advance in Applied Science Research.4(4): pp 310-323.
[19] Shukla V.K & Singh R.K. (2013). Captive breeding and larval rearing of endangered Ompok bimaculatus under controlled condition at Raipur, Chhattisgarh (INDIA). Biochem. Cell. Arch.,13(1): pp 133-136.
[20] Dhara K. & Saha N.C. (2013). Controlled breeding of Asian catfish Clarias batrachus using pituitary gland extracts and ovaprim at different temperatures, latency periods and their early development. Journal Aquaculture Research Development.4(4).
[21] Rashid M. & Ahamad T., (2014). Induced breeding of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon Idella) and Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) using ovatide as synthetic hormone at national fish seed farm Manasbal, Kashmir, J&K. Fisheries and Aquaculture Journal.5(4).
[22] Ali M.M & Faruq O. (2016). Technology of artificial breeding of catfish species in the hatcheries in Jessore region, Bangladesh. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies.4(1): pp 180-188.
[23] Gupta S. (2015). Overview on feeding and breeding biology of Mystus tengra, A Freshwater catfish of Indian sub- continent. World Journal of Fish and Marine Science.7(3): pp 195-197.
[24] More P.R. & Pathan T.S. (2016). Induced spawning, fecundity, fertilization rate and hatching rate of Indian major carp Catla catla by using synthetic hormones and carp pituitary extract. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research.24(12): pp 3805-3811.
[25] Singh Kohli, M.P. & Vidyarthi, S. (1990). Induced breeding, embryonic and larval development in Heterropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794). Journal of the Indian Fisheries Association.20: pp 15-19.
[26] Dhara K. & Das U.N. (2018). Breeding performance of the walking catfish Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758) using synthetic inducing agent, Alpa-FH with special reference of morphological deformities in their early stages of life. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies.6(6): pp 957-963.
[27] Kiran B.R. & Somashekar D.S. (2016). A review on Induced breeding of stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis in India. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Modern Education.2(1): pp 2454-6119.
[28] Doctolero J.S. & Sotero D.S. (2022). Induced spawning of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) using goat (Capra aegagrushircus) and pig (Scrofa domesticus) pituitary extracts. Journal of Fisheries. 10(3): pp 103204.https://doi.org/10.17017/j.fish.416
[29] Ramesh I & Kiran B.R. (2016). Food and feeding habits of Catfish Clarias batrachus (Linn) in Bhadravathi Area, Karnataka. International Journal of Research in Environmental Science.2(4):pp 56-59.https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0204006
[30] Tan-Fermin J.D. & Fermin A.C. (2008). Breeding and seed production of the Asian catfish Clarias macrocephalus (Gunther). Aquaculture Extension Manual No.40.
[31] Ali M.M & Asif A.A (2016). Technology of artificial breeding of catfish species in the hatcheries in Jessore Region, Bangladesh. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies.4(1): pp 180-188.
[32] Lopamudra Panigrahi (2019). Studies on induced breeding of some carps for seed production in fish seed hatchery of boudh. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovation Researc.6(4).
